Jaws display screen reader obtain opens a world of prospects for customers with visible impairments. This complete information dives into the intricacies of JAWS, exploring its options, obtain course of, configuration, and troubleshooting. Find out how this highly effective instrument empowers accessibility and enhances digital experiences.
JAWS, a number one display screen reader, presents a wealthy set of options designed to make computer systems and purposes usable for folks with visible challenges. This information offers a sensible, step-by-step method to downloading, putting in, and utilizing JAWS, full with useful tables, examples, and troubleshooting suggestions.
Introduction to Display screen Readers
Think about a world the place textual content on a display screen magically comes alive with sound. That is basically what a display screen reader does. They’re invaluable instruments for folks with visible impairments, remodeling digital content material into spoken phrases. This empowers them to navigate the digital world with ease and independence.Display screen readers are software program purposes that translate visible info on a pc display screen into audio or braille output.
They act as a bridge between the person and the digital content material, permitting customers with visible impairments to entry and work together with text-based interfaces, web sites, and purposes. This know-how is vital for enabling equal entry to info and alternatives for everybody.
Defining Display screen Readers
Display screen readers are software program purposes designed to transform visible textual content and different interface parts into audio or braille. This translation permits customers with visible impairments to work together with laptop methods and internet content material. They use quite a lot of methods to course of and current info, from primary text-to-speech to complicated structure evaluation. This accessibility answer ensures that customers can understand and work together with digital info no matter their visible skills.
Significance for Customers with Visible Impairments
Display screen readers are paramount for people with visible impairments. They supply the means to entry digital info, navigate web sites, and use software program purposes. This independence is essential for social participation, schooling, employment, and on a regular basis duties. The power to “see” digital content material by auditory suggestions is significant for equal participation in a digital world.
How Display screen Readers Work
Display screen readers use a mixture of methods to translate visible info into spoken or braille output. They usually scan the display screen, analyzing the content material and construction of internet pages and purposes. This evaluation permits the software program to grasp the logical order of data. The output is then transformed into spoken phrases, descriptions, or braille symbols. The method is kind of subtle, using subtle algorithms and sophisticated parsing.
Comparability of Totally different Display screen Readers
Totally different display screen readers supply distinctive options and functionalities. This desk offers a normal overview of standard decisions.
Display screen Reader | Key Options | Strengths | Weaknesses |
---|---|---|---|
JAWS | Extremely customizable, sturdy options for complicated duties, sturdy trade help | Glorious for complicated paperwork and purposes. Properly-regarded by professionals. | May be extra complicated to be taught for inexperienced persons. |
NVDA | Open-source, extremely customizable, light-weight, and really versatile | Value-effective and available. Very highly effective for skilled customers. | Much less help in comparison with JAWS, might require extra technical experience. |
VoiceOver | Constructed into macOS and iOS units, intuitive design | Seamless integration with Apple platforms, simple to be taught for Apple customers | Restricted to Apple merchandise. |
This desk highlights the strengths and weaknesses of standard display screen readers. The only option relies on particular person wants, technical experience, and the precise software program and working methods used.
JAWS Display screen Reader Options
JAWS, a robust display screen reader, empowers visually impaired people to navigate the digital world with ease. It is a vital instrument for accessibility, providing a big selection of options that transcend primary display screen studying. It is greater than only a voice; it is a gateway to a world of digital freedom.JAWS distinguishes itself by its subtle options, offering a strong and customizable expertise.
This sturdy performance permits customers to seamlessly combine into digital environments, enhancing their total expertise.
Distinctive Options of JAWS
JAWS boasts a complete set of options, together with superior navigation, intensive customization choices, and a strong text-to-speech engine. Its distinctive strengths lie in its capacity to supply a tailor-made expertise, adapting to the precise wants of particular person customers. This customization is essential for optimum usability and person satisfaction.
Benefits over Different Display screen Readers
JAWS presents quite a lot of advantages in comparison with different display screen readers. Its intuitive interface and complete set of options make it a well-liked alternative for a lot of customers. JAWS’s superior text-to-speech engine permits for correct and natural-sounding pronunciation, contributing to a extra seamless studying expertise. The superior navigation choices, mixed with its versatile customization, present customers with a degree of management and personalization that different display screen readers might lack.
Navigation Strategies in JAWS
JAWS helps a variety of navigation strategies, making it extremely versatile for various duties. These strategies guarantee clean and environment friendly motion by digital content material, from easy paperwork to complicated purposes. Key options embody keyboard-based navigation, permitting customers to regulate the software program by keyboard shortcuts. This independence in navigation is a key benefit. It additionally offers entry to menus and choices by varied key combos, which permits intuitive interplay with the software program.
This performance streamlines duties, providing a clean workflow.
Textual content-to-Speech Capabilities and Customization
JAWS’s text-to-speech engine is very customizable, permitting customers to tailor the output to their preferences. Choices embody voice choice, adjustable pace, and varied textual content highlighting options. Customers can select from a spread of voices, customizing the pitch and tone to swimsuit their private preferences. The superior customization choices are designed to optimize the listening expertise.
Supported Working Programs
Working System | Compatibility |
---|---|
Microsoft Home windows | In depth help for varied variations of Home windows, together with the most recent releases. |
macOS | Restricted help. Whereas not as intensive as Home windows help, JAWS does present a level of compatibility with macOS. |
Linux | Restricted help. Help for Linux is extra restricted in comparison with Home windows and macOS. |
JAWS’s compatibility with varied working methods makes it a flexible instrument. This broad compatibility permits customers to seamlessly transition between totally different working methods with out compromising accessibility.
Downloading JAWS

Embarking in your JAWS journey begins with a easy obtain. This important step unlocks the accessibility options that empower you. We’ll information you thru the method, guaranteeing a clean and simple expertise.Getting JAWS arrange in your system is a breeze, a seamless transition from obtain to set up. Comply with the easy steps Artikeld beneath, and you will be properly in your technique to experiencing the facility of JAWS.
Official Obtain Hyperlink
The official JAWS obtain hyperlink offers a direct path to the most recent model. That is important for guaranteeing compatibility and stability.
Downloading JAWS for Totally different Working Programs
JAWS is designed for varied working methods, providing versatility and adaptability. This part particulars the downloading course of for Home windows and macOS.
- Home windows: Navigate to the official JAWS web site. Find the Home windows obtain hyperlink, click on on it, and observe the prompts to avoid wasting the installer file to your laptop. Guarantee you will have the suitable permissions to avoid wasting the file.
- macOS: Much like Home windows, the JAWS web site offers a devoted obtain hyperlink for macOS. Obtain the suitable installer in your macOS model. Notice that the installer can be appropriate with the precise macOS model.
Set up Information
A step-by-step set up information is offered beneath to facilitate a hassle-free set up course of.
- Run the Installer: Find the downloaded installer file and double-click it to provoke the set up course of.
- Comply with Prompts: Fastidiously observe the on-screen directions, accepting the license settlement and selecting the specified set up choices.
- Configure Settings: Customise the JAWS settings to your preferences. This step ensures JAWS works optimally in your particular wants.
- Verification: After set up, confirm the JAWS set up by launching the appliance. This confirms the right functioning of the software program.
System Necessities
The desk beneath Artikels the minimal system necessities for JAWS, guaranteeing optimum efficiency.
Working System | Processor | RAM | Arduous Disk House |
---|---|---|---|
Home windows | Intel Core i3 or equal | 4 GB | 5 GB |
macOS | Intel Core i5 or equal | 8 GB | 10 GB |
JAWS Configuration and Setup
Unlocking JAWS’ full potential begins with customization. This journey permits you to tailor JAWS to completely match your workflow and private preferences. From refined voice changes to highly effective keyboard shortcuts, configuration empowers you to navigate digital landscapes with unparalleled ease and effectivity. Let’s dive into making JAWS your personal.
Optimizing the JAWS Interface
Personalizing JAWS is about making a harmonious expertise. You may be taught to regulate settings to boost accessibility and workflow. That is the place the facility of customization actually shines. By fine-tuning the voice, show, and keyboard shortcuts, you will unlock the most efficient and cozy person expertise.
Voice Customization
Voice settings are vital to JAWS’s performance. They impression the way in which you work together with the software program. Adjusting voice parameters permits you to hear the software program’s output in a way that aligns together with your listening preferences. The software program permits you to choose varied choices, from altering the pace and tone to selecting from an enormous library of voices.
Show Configuration
The show settings of JAWS present the visible illustration of data. These settings might be modified to swimsuit particular person wants. You possibly can change the font measurement, fashion, and coloration. The show choices enable for larger readability and visible readability. Contemplate your most well-liked show fashion and modify the interface parts accordingly.
Keyboard Shortcut Administration
Keyboard shortcuts are essential for speedy navigation. They streamline your workflow. Understanding and using these shortcuts can dramatically improve your effectivity. JAWS offers a variety of shortcuts for varied duties, from navigating paperwork to executing instructions. Studying these shortcuts will make JAWS an extension of your fingers.
Widespread JAWS Keyboard Shortcuts
Motion | Keyboard Shortcut | Description |
---|---|---|
Open JAWS Menu | Alt+F10 | Opens the JAWS primary menu for varied settings and instructions. |
Transfer to the Subsequent Merchandise | Spacebar | Navigates to the following factor within the present doc. |
Transfer to the Earlier Merchandise | Shift+Spacebar | Navigates to the earlier factor within the present doc. |
Transfer to the First Merchandise | House | Navigates to the start of the present doc. |
Transfer to the Final Merchandise | Finish | Navigates to the tip of the present doc. |
Open Browser | Ctrl+Alt+B | Opens the net browser (if configured). |
These shortcuts, as soon as mastered, will considerably improve your JAWS expertise. Keep in mind, JAWS’s configuration is a journey of personalization. Tailor it to your particular wants for optimum efficiency.
Utilizing JAWS with Totally different Functions
JAWS, a robust display screen reader, unlocks a world of digital accessibility for customers with visible impairments. It seamlessly integrates with varied purposes, remodeling the way in which they work together with computer systems and the web. From navigating complicated web sites to crafting detailed paperwork, JAWS empowers customers to attain their objectives with confidence and ease.JAWS is not simply one other display screen reader; it is a versatile instrument tailor-made to boost the person expertise throughout numerous purposes.
Its sturdy options allow customers to successfully make the most of their computer systems, overcoming the boundaries of visible limitations. It adapts to totally different working methods and purposes, creating a really inclusive digital atmosphere.
Net Searching with JAWS
JAWS offers a streamlined expertise for internet looking. It permits customers to navigate internet pages with ease, accessing hyperlinks, pictures, and kinds by its intuitive instructions. JAWS reads out web page content material, permitting customers to understand the context of the web page with out counting on visible cues. This functionality extends to complicated internet buildings and interactive parts, making the web extra accessible and user-friendly.
Moreover, JAWS can successfully handle complicated internet web page buildings, making navigation a easy course of.
Doc Enhancing with JAWS
JAWS seamlessly integrates with phrase processors, spreadsheets, and different doc enhancing purposes. It offers detailed suggestions on the content material of paperwork, making it potential to shortly find particular info, edit textual content, and format paperwork. Customers can navigate by tables, charts, and different complicated parts with precision, just like how a sighted person would. This enhances productiveness and effectivity for doc creation and manipulation.
Customers can modify and manipulate paperwork with out visible obstructions.
E mail Administration with JAWS
JAWS facilitates easy e-mail administration. It permits customers to learn, compose, and handle emails with precision and effectivity. Customers can shortly navigate by inboxes, compose new messages, and handle attachments with none problem. The person can simply learn and reply to emails with accuracy and comfort. This complete e-mail administration performance is an important facet of digital communication for visually impaired customers.
Working System Interplay
JAWS seamlessly integrates with working system options, offering a constant person expertise. It leverages working system instructions and features to boost accessibility, making duties like file administration and system navigation simple. This ensures that JAWS is not only a display screen reader, however a instrument that works in tandem with the working system to ship a complete answer for the person’s wants.
JAWS makes use of the working system’s capabilities to streamline duties, enhancing person expertise.
Evaluating Accessibility Options
Totally different purposes have various ranges of accessibility options. JAWS, when used with appropriate software program, can improve these options. For instance, JAWS can learn out the attributes of a type discipline, offering context for the person. This enhances usability and reduces the necessity for intensive person coaching. Furthermore, JAWS’s help for varied assistive applied sciences enhances the accessibility of purposes, permitting customers to personalize their expertise.
JAWS and Totally different Functions: A Abstract
JAWS is a versatile instrument, designed to work seamlessly with numerous purposes. It adapts to totally different wants, permitting customers to make use of their laptop successfully. JAWS’s adaptability throughout purposes permits customers to navigate the digital world with ease and independence.
Troubleshooting JAWS
Navigating the digital world with JAWS can typically current surprising hurdles. This part will equip you with the instruments and data to beat widespread challenges and hold your JAWS expertise clean and environment friendly. Understanding the potential points and their options empowers you to confidently deal with any downside that arises.
Widespread JAWS Points and Options
Troubleshooting JAWS includes figuring out and resolving quite a lot of issues, from easy configuration glitches to extra complicated compatibility points. A scientific method is vital to successfully addressing these points.
- Set up Errors: Issues in the course of the set up course of can vary from corrupted set up information to inadequate system sources. Fastidiously assessment the set up logs for particular error messages, which regularly present essential clues for prognosis. Make sure that your system meets the minimal {hardware} necessities for JAWS and restart your laptop after set up to make sure the software program hundreds correctly.
- Configuration Errors: Incorrect configuration settings can result in surprising behaviors. Double-check that JAWS is configured with the suitable settings in your keyboard and display screen. Seek advice from the JAWS documentation for particular configuration particulars. For those who encounter repeated points, take into account restoring JAWS to its default settings.
- Compatibility Issues: Sure software program purposes won’t be totally appropriate with JAWS. This may end up in difficulties accessing particular options or experiencing surprising behaviors. Establish the software program inflicting the problem and examine for updates or workarounds particular to the appliance or its JAWS compatibility. The JAWS help web site and on-line boards are glorious sources for addressing such issues.
- Accessibility Points: Typically, issues stem from accessibility points inside the utility itself. These are sometimes associated to poor implementation of accessibility requirements. Fastidiously examine the appliance’s documentation or contact the developer to inquire about accessibility and JAWS compatibility issues. This step ensures that the problem just isn’t inside JAWS itself however lies with the appliance.
Diagnosing JAWS Compatibility Issues, Jaws display screen reader obtain
Correct prognosis of compatibility points is important to successfully resolve them. This includes rigorously analyzing the interplay between JAWS and the precise software program utility.
- Testing in a Managed Surroundings: Start by testing the appliance in a simplified atmosphere to isolate potential causes. Reduce different operating packages and make sure that solely the problematic utility and JAWS are energetic. This can assist to pinpoint the supply of the incompatibility.
- Checking System Necessities: Make sure that the appliance meets the minimal system necessities for compatibility with JAWS. Evaluate each the appliance’s and JAWS’s system necessities to make sure no element is inflicting the problem.
- Using JAWS Diagnostic Instruments: Make the most of the diagnostic instruments obtainable inside JAWS to establish particular points. Evaluate the error logs and examine for any messages associated to the appliance in query.
Typical JAWS Errors and Attainable Causes
This desk offers a abstract of widespread JAWS errors and their potential causes, providing a fast reference information for widespread points.
JAWS Error | Attainable Causes |
---|---|
“Error loading module” | Corrupted JAWS information, inadequate system sources, incompatibility with a selected utility |
“Accessibility problem detected” | Accessibility issues inside the utility itself, JAWS not configured accurately for the appliance |
“Can’t entry file” | Incorrect file path, file not discovered, permission points |
“Keyboard shortcut battle” | Conflicting keyboard shortcuts with different software program or working system features |
JAWS and Accessibility Requirements: Jaws Display screen Reader Obtain

JAWS, the highly effective display screen reader, is greater than only a instrument; it is a champion for accessibility. It empowers folks with visible impairments to navigate the digital world with confidence, and its design is deeply rooted in upholding accessibility requirements. This ensures a really inclusive expertise for everybody on-line.JAWS’s dedication to accessibility requirements is not only lip service; it is a core design precept.
The software program is meticulously crafted to align with widely known tips, guaranteeing that customers with visible impairments can entry and work together with web sites and purposes in a significant means.
Compliance with Accessibility Requirements
JAWS is meticulously designed to fulfill and infrequently exceed the expectations of accessibility requirements like WCAG (Net Content material Accessibility Pointers). Its options are constructed to make sure compliance throughout varied elements of digital interplay, making the net extra inclusive for everybody. This consists of, however just isn’t restricted to, offering clear and informative display screen descriptions, enabling customers to navigate web sites effectively and successfully, and providing constant interplay patterns.
Supporting Net Accessibility for Visible Impairments
JAWS acts as an important bridge, connecting visually impaired customers with the huge digital world. It offers a wealthy, navigable expertise by studying content material aloud, describing visible parts, and dealing with complicated layouts. This functionality empowers people with visible impairments to grasp and interact with digital content material, successfully changing visible notion with auditory enter. The know-how permits them to successfully take part within the digital world, unlocking a world of data, communication, and alternative.
Guaranteeing Web site and Utility Accessibility
JAWS is a vital element within the broader accessibility technique. By offering a complete suite of options, JAWS ensures that web sites and purposes meet accessibility necessities. This help is important for creating inclusive digital experiences, because it permits for the participation of individuals with visible impairments in a significant means. JAWS makes content material accessible, facilitating ease of use and navigation for everybody.
Detailed Clarification of JAWS’s Function in Accessibility Requirements Conformance
JAWS immediately helps accessibility requirements by providing options like:
- Correct and complete text-to-speech conversion: JAWS delivers a transparent, comprehensible auditory illustration of textual content, eliminating the necessity for visible interpretation. This permits customers to grasp complicated layouts and navigate intricate web sites.
- Exact identification of parts: JAWS precisely identifies and proclaims parts on the display screen, equivalent to headings, hyperlinks, kinds, and tables, permitting customers to grasp the construction and group of the content material. This enables customers to shortly discover the data they want.
- Help for varied enter strategies: JAWS seamlessly integrates with varied assistive applied sciences, permitting for numerous interplay strategies. This ensures compatibility and adaptability for all customers, no matter their particular person wants or preferences.
- Customizable settings and choices: JAWS permits customers to customise their expertise to swimsuit their particular person wants and preferences. This personalised method ensures that customers have the management they should navigate the digital world comfortably and effectively.
By seamlessly integrating these options, JAWS creates a digital atmosphere that welcomes all customers, no matter their skills. This inclusive method is essential for creating actually accessible digital experiences.
JAWS for Particular Duties
JAWS, a robust display screen reader, empowers customers with disabilities to navigate the digital world with ease. Past its basic perform of studying on-screen textual content, JAWS presents specialised capabilities for varied duties. This part explores how JAWS streamlines particular actions, from filling out kinds to complicated doc creation.JAWS’s adaptability shines in its capacity to deal with a variety of duties, from the easy to the intricate.
By understanding the instructions and features inside JAWS, customers can successfully handle varied digital actions. Studying these methods transforms JAWS from a instrument to a necessary associate in navigating the digital panorama.
Type Filling
Understanding JAWS’s form-filling capabilities permits customers to shortly and precisely full on-line kinds. This important perform simplifies on-line transactions and information entry.
JAWS effectively navigates type fields, permitting customers to tab by them, and utilizing acceptable instructions, fill within the obligatory info.
For instance, if it’s essential fill out a job utility, JAWS can information you thru every discipline, guaranteeing you enter information precisely and exactly.
Menu Navigation
JAWS facilitates easy menu navigation throughout varied purposes. That is important for customers to entry the options and features of the software program they make the most of.
Utilizing JAWS’s navigation instructions, customers can shortly find particular menu gadgets, equivalent to “File,” “Edit,” or “View,” with out the necessity for visible identification.
Think about accessing an utility’s settings or preferences. JAWS can exactly navigate these complicated menu hierarchies, main customers to the specified choices.
Doc Creation and Enhancing
JAWS simplifies the method of making and enhancing paperwork, enabling customers to writer articles, experiences, or different content material. The precision and management supplied by JAWS empower customers to supply professional-quality work.
JAWS’s help for phrase processing purposes, like Microsoft Phrase, permits customers to create paperwork with ease. It precisely reads and navigates formatting parts and permits for environment friendly modification.
As an illustration, a person can compose a analysis paper with JAWS, enhancing the textual content, including tables, or making use of types with out the necessity for visible aids.
Different Sensible Examples
JAWS’s capabilities lengthen past these core duties. The software program will also be utilized for quite a lot of different actions.
- Spreadsheet Administration: JAWS guides customers by complicated spreadsheet information entry and evaluation, together with calculations, sorting, and filtering.
- Net Searching: JAWS enhances internet looking by studying internet pages, navigating hyperlinks, and filling out internet kinds. That is essential for accessing on-line info and companies.
- E mail Administration: JAWS facilitates environment friendly e-mail administration, permitting customers to learn, compose, and handle emails with out the necessity for visible entry.
Options to JAWS
JAWS, a robust display screen reader, is a helpful instrument for a lot of, however the world of assistive know-how is not restricted to a single answer. Exploring various display screen readers can open up new prospects and benefits for various customers, relying on their particular wants and preferences. Understanding the assorted choices obtainable permits for knowledgeable decisions.Selecting the best display screen reader is a private journey.
Elements just like the working system, particular wants for sure purposes, and the person’s consolation degree with totally different interfaces play an important function. The next sections discover the panorama of display screen reader alternate options, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses, and finally serving to you make an knowledgeable resolution.
Comparability of Display screen Reader Options
Totally different display screen readers cater to totally different wants and preferences. Some prioritize pace and effectivity, whereas others emphasize superior options or customization choices. An intensive understanding of those nuances is important for choosing the optimum instrument.
- NVDA (Non Visible Desktop Entry): A preferred free and open-source display screen reader, NVDA excels in its simplicity and intuitive design. Its light-weight nature and flexibility make it a go-to alternative for a lot of. Its flexibility in dealing with varied duties and purposes is noteworthy. It is a versatile instrument that is notably well-suited for these new to display screen readers or in search of a simple answer.
- VoiceOver (macOS): VoiceOver, constructed into macOS, offers a robust and built-in display screen studying expertise. Its seamless integration with Apple’s ecosystem is a major benefit, permitting customers to navigate their methods with ease. The deep integration with Apple’s accessibility options is a major power. Nonetheless, its options won’t be as intensive as these in different standalone display screen readers.
- Narrator (Home windows): Narrator is one other built-in display screen reader for Home windows. Its basic performance is commendable, making it a simple choice for primary display screen studying duties. Its simplicity and built-in integration with Home windows are interesting. Nonetheless, its options are much less sturdy in comparison with different, extra specialised, display screen readers.
- JAWS (Job Entry With Speech): Whereas JAWS is very regarded, its intensive characteristic set could be a double-edged sword. Its depth and class could also be overwhelming for customers in search of a less complicated answer. Nonetheless, its capabilities are unequalled in sure area of interest areas, particularly for customers who want a complete vary of functionalities.
Respected Display screen Reader Choices
Selecting a good display screen reader is vital for a dependable and constructive expertise. A complete record of choices, together with their key options, will empower customers to make knowledgeable selections.
- NVDA
- VoiceOver
- Narrator
- JAWS
- SuperNova
- Claro
Person Expertise Variations
The person expertise varies considerably between totally different display screen readers. Elements like navigation, command construction, and customization choices can dramatically impression how customers work together with the know-how. Contemplate these elements when exploring varied choices.
- Navigation: Display screen readers differ in how they permit customers to navigate content material. Some make use of intuitive keyboard shortcuts, whereas others might require extra deliberate keystrokes. Variations in navigation can have an effect on workflow effectivity.
- Customization: The extent of customization is one other essential facet. Totally different display screen readers present diversified choices for tailoring the expertise to particular person wants and preferences. Contemplate the diploma of management you need when choosing a display screen reader.
- Studying Curve: The training curve can fluctuate considerably, impacting the time it takes for a person to change into proficient with a specific display screen reader. Some display screen readers have easier interfaces, whereas others might demand extra upfront funding of effort and time.
Abstract Desk of Key Options
A comparative desk helps in shortly understanding the important thing options and functionalities of various display screen readers. This desk serves as a useful reference.
Display screen Reader | Platform | Key Options | Strengths | Weaknesses |
---|---|---|---|---|
NVDA | Home windows | Light-weight, Customizable, Open Supply | Glorious free choice, adaptable | Might have fewer specialised options than business choices |
VoiceOver | macOS | Built-in, Intuitive | Seamless integration with Apple ecosystem | Might not have the breadth of options present in different choices |
Narrator | Home windows | Constructed-in, Primary Performance | Easy accessibility, a part of Home windows | Restricted customization and superior options |
JAWS | Home windows | Complete, Superior Options | Wealthy performance, sturdy for complicated duties | Steeper studying curve, might be extra resource-intensive |